Quercus × fernaldii
Sponsor
Kindly sponsored by
The Trees and Shrubs Online Oak Consortium
The International Dendrology Society, The Wynkcoombe Arboretum, and several private individuals
Credits
Allen Coombes & Roderick Cameron (2026)
Recommended citation
Coombes, A. & Cameron, R. (2026), 'Quercus × fernaldii' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.
Common Names
- Fernald's Oak
Synonyms
- Quercus × lowellii Sarg.
Other taxa in genus
- Quercus acerifolia
- Quercus acherdophylla
- Quercus acrodonta
- Quercus acuta
- Quercus acutifolia
- Quercus acutissima
- Quercus afares
- Quercus affinis
- Quercus agrifolia
- Quercus alba
- Quercus albocincta
- Quercus aliena
- Quercus alnifolia
- Quercus aquifolioides
- Quercus arizonica
- Quercus arkansana
- Quercus × atlantica
- Quercus aucheri
- Quercus augustini
- Quercus austrina
- Quercus Autopista Group
- Quercus × auzendei
- Quercus baloot
- Quercus bambusifolia
- Quercus baronii
- Quercus × benderi
- Quercus bicolor
- Quercus brantii
- Quercus × brittonii
- Quercus buckleyi
- Quercus × bushii
- Quercus calophylla
- Quercus canariensis
- Quercus canbyi
- Quercus × capesii
- Quercus carmenensis
- Quercus castanea
- Quercus castanea hybrids
- Quercus castaneifolia
- Quercus cerris
- Quercus chenii
- Quercus chrysolepis
- Quercus coccifera
- Quercus cocciferoides
- Quercus coccinea
- Quercus coffeicolor
- Quercus conzattii
- Quercus costaricensis
- Quercus crassifolia
- Quercus crassipes
- Quercus crispipilis
- Quercus cupreata
- Quercus delavayi
- Quercus delgadoana
- Quercus dentata
- Quercus depressa
- Quercus deserticola
- Quercus dolicholepis
- Quercus douglasii
- Quercus dumosa
- Quercus durifolia
- Quercus × dysophylla
- Quercus eduardi
- Quercus ellipsoidalis
- Quercus emoryi
- Quercus engelmannii
- Quercus engleriana
- Quercus epileuca
- Quercus euboica
- Quercus × exacta
- Quercus fabri
- Quercus faginea
- Quercus falcata
- Quercus × filialis
- Quercus floribunda
- Quercus frainetto
- Quercus franchetii
- Quercus fruticosa
- Quercus fusiformis
- Quercus gambelii
- Quercus × ganderi
- Quercus garryana
- Quercus geminata
- Quercus georgiana
- Quercus germana
- Quercus gilliana
- Quercus gilva
- Quercus glabrescens
- Quercus glauca
- Quercus graciliformis
- Quercus grahamii
- Quercus gravesii
- Quercus griffithii
- Quercus grisea
- Quercus gulielmi-treleasei
- Quercus guyavifolia
- Quercus hartwissiana
- Quercus × hastingsii
- Quercus × hawkinsiae
- Quercus hemisphaerica
- Quercus × heterophylla
- Quercus hintonii
- Quercus hintoniorum
- Quercus hirtifolia
- Quercus × hispanica
- Quercus hondae
- Quercus huicholensis
- Quercus humboldtii
- Quercus hypargyrea
- Quercus hypoleucoides
- Quercus hypoxantha
- Quercus ilex
- Quercus ilicifolia
- Quercus imbricaria
- Quercus incana
- Quercus infectoria
- Quercus inopina
- Quercus insignis
- Quercus ithaburensis
- Quercus jonesii
- Quercus kelloggii
- Quercus × kewensis
- Quercus kiukiangensis
- Quercus laceyi
- Quercus laevis
- Quercus lamellosa
- Quercus lanata
- Quercus lancifolia
- Quercus Langtry Group
- Quercus laurifolia
- Quercus laurina
- Quercus × leana
- Quercus leucotrichophora
- Quercus × libanerris
- Quercus libani
- Quercus lobata
- Quercus lobbii
- Quercus lodicosa
- Quercus longinux
- Quercus longispica
- Quercus look
- Quercus × ludoviciana
- Quercus macranthera
- Quercus macrocalyx
- Quercus macrocarpa
- Quercus macrolepis
- Quercus marilandica
- Quercus mcvaughii
- Quercus meavei
- Quercus mexicana
- Quercus michauxii
- Quercus miquihuanensis
- Quercus mongolica
- Quercus monimotricha
- Quercus montana
- Quercus × morehus
- Quercus morii
- Quercus muehlenbergii
- Quercus myrsinifolia
- Quercus myrtifolia
- Quercus nigra
- Quercus × numidica
- Quercus oblongifolia
- Quercus obtusata
- Quercus ocoteifolia
- Quercus oglethorpensis
- Quercus oxyodon
- Quercus pagoda
- Quercus palmeri
- Quercus palustris
- Quercus pannosa
- Quercus parvula
- Quercus petraea
- Quercus phellos
- Quercus phillyreoides
- Quercus pinnativenulosa
- Quercus planipocula
- Quercus poilanei
- Quercus polymorpha
- Quercus pontica
- Quercus prinoides
- Quercus pubescens
- Quercus pumila
- Quercus pyrenaica
- Quercus Red Flush Group
- Quercus × rehderi
- Quercus rehderiana
- Quercus reticulata
- Quercus × richteri
- Quercus × riparia
- Quercus robur
- Quercus robusta
- Quercus rotundifolia
- Quercus rubra
- Quercus × rudkinii
- Quercus rugosa
- Quercus × runcinata
- Quercus rysophylla
- Quercus rysophylla hybrids
- Quercus sadleriana
- Quercus salicina
- Quercus saltillensis
- Quercus sapotifolia
- Quercus sartorii
- Quercus × schneideri
- Quercus × schochiana
- Quercus schottkyana
- Quercus scytophylla
- Quercus Section Lobatae Hybrid Cultivars
- Quercus semecarpifolia
- Quercus senescens
- Quercus serrata
- Quercus sessilifolia
- Quercus setulosa
- Quercus shumardii
- Quercus sideroxyla
- Quercus sinuata
- Quercus skinneri
- Quercus spinosa
- Quercus stellata
- Quercus stenophylloides
- Quercus × sternbergii
- Quercus suber
- Quercus subspathulata
- Quercus tarahumara
- Quercus tarokoensis
- Quercus tatakaensis
- Quercus texana
- Quercus tomentella
- Quercus trinitatis
- Quercus trojana
- Quercus tungmaiensis
- Quercus turbinella
- Quercus × turneri
- Quercus undulata
- Quercus urbani
- Quercus utahensis
- Quercus utilis
- Quercus uxoris
- Quercus variabilis
- Quercus velutina
- Quercus viminea
- Quercus virginiana
- Quercus vulcanica
- Quercus warburgii
- Quercus wislizeni
- Quercus xalapensis
Tree to at least 8 m tall, sometimes with several stems. Leaves deciduous, very variable, some resembling Q. ilicifolia and only 7 × 5 cm with 2 untoothed lobes on each side, others larger, to 14.5 × 14 cm, with 3 or 4 often toothed lobes on each side; the lobes end in bristle tips, and the sinuses reach ½ or ⅔ of the way to the midrib. They are glossy dark green above, dull grey and tomentose beneath. Petiole to 4 cm long, flushed red towards the base. Acorns biennial, said to resemble those of Q. coccinea but hairy (Trelease 1924; RJC pers. obs. of herbarium material at NY).
Distribution United States Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia
USDA Hardiness Zone 4-5
RHS Hardiness Rating H6
Conservation status Not evaluated (NE)
Plants originally distributed under this name or as Q. ilicifola × rubra are Q. rubra ‘Cyrille’, and in some gardens this cultivar may still be grown as Q. × fernaldii. The true hybrid was introduced as scions collected on Stonyman Mountain, Virginia, USA. It is rare in cultivation but is growing in the UK at Chevithorne Barton, Devon; Thenford Arboretum, Northamptonshire; and Halloughton Grange, Warwickshire. It is also found at Arboretum Trompenburg, the Netherlands, at Iturraran Botanical Garden, Spain, and at Grigadale Arboretum, Argentina, where it was 8.3 m × 10.5 cm dbh in 2018 (pers. obs. AJC, Grigadale Arboretum 2020).
The epithet commemorates American botanist Merritt Lyndon Fernald (1873–1950), who collected this hybrid in Massachusetts in 1908 (Trelease 1924)
