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Picea glauca (Moench) Voss

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Credits

Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles

Recommended citation
'Picea glauca' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/picea/picea-glauca/). Accessed 2024-10-04.

Genus

Common Names

  • White Spruce

Synonyms

  • Pinus glauca Moench
  • Picea alba Link
  • Abies canadensis Mill.

Glossary

ciliate
Fringed with long hairs.
cone
Term used here primarily to indicate the seed-bearing (female) structure of a conifer (‘conifer’ = ‘cone-producer’); otherwise known as a strobilus. A number of flowering plants produce cone-like seed-bearing structures including Betulaceae and Casuarinaceae.
entire
With an unbroken margin.

References

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Credits

Article from Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles

Recommended citation
'Picea glauca' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/picea/picea-glauca/). Accessed 2024-10-04.

Picea glauca

Picea glauca seldom thrives for very long in the increasingly soft climate of the UK. As of June 2013, the national champion was this beautifully slender 24 m tree at Graythwaite Hall, Cumbria. Image Owen Johnson.

A tree usually 60 to 70 ft high; young specimens with much the habit of the common spruce, but of a greyer green; branchlets very pale brown, not downy; buds with ciliate scales. Leaves mostly on the upper side of the branches; they are 1⁄2 to 3⁄4 in. long, pointed, but not prickly, four-angled, grey-green, with two to five lines of stomata on each face. Cones cylindrical, 11⁄2 to 2 in. long, pale shining brown when mature; scales very thin and flexible, broad and rounded, nearly entire at the margins.

Native of N. America; introduced about the end of the 17th century. It is very widely spread in the wild, reaching, according to Sargent, from Labrador to Alaska, extending southwards along the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains to Montana, and to New York, Michigan, etc. It reaches a higher latitude than any other evergreen tree, and nearly to the Arctic Sea, on ground which only thaws 3 or 4 ft down in summer. It possesses little merit as an ornamental tree in Britain, especially in the south, but on the vast ‘Danish heaths and dunes of Jutland which are continually swept by the gales of the North Sea it has been extensively planted, especially as a shelter tree. It serves this purpose so well that no other known tree could take its place there’ (Rafn). In the catty smell of its foliage it resembles P. engelmannii, but that species has longer leaves and more tapered cone-scales, and it, as well as the more nearly allied P. mariana and P. rubens, are further distinguished by their downy shoots.

The finest trees of P. glauca grow in the Rhinefield Drive in the New Forest. Planted in 1861, the best is 90 × 53⁄4 ft (1970). Other examples are: National Pinetum, Bedgebury, Kent, pl. 1929, 43 × 23⁄4 ft (1970); Speech House, Glos., pl. 1916, 64 × 31⁄4 ft (1968); Hergest Croft, Heref., pl. 1911, 60 × 31⁄2 ft (1969); Bicton, Devon, 54 × 4ft(1968); Eridge Castle, Kent, pl. 1880,69 × 8 ft (1971).

From the Supplement (Vol. V)

specimens: Eridge Castle, Kent, pl. 1880, 85 × 81⁄4 ft (1984); Little Hall, Kent, 57 × 41⁄4 ft (1984); Castle Milk, Dumfr., 75 × 51⁄4 ft and 69 × 41⁄2 ft (1984); Ardverikie, Inv., 75 × 51⁄4 ft (1982).

Picea glauca

A remarkably dense old tree of Picea glauca at Durris, Aberdeenshire, UK; June 2018. Image Owen Johnson.

Picea glauca

The glabrous shoots and short, s-shaped leaves distinguish Picea glauca from other American Picea. This specimen from Bedgebury National Pinetum (Kent, UK) was grown from seed collected in Quebec, Canada. Image Brian Robertshaw.

'Caerulea'

Of dense habit, with conspicuously glaucous leaves.

'Conica'

This is one of the most distinct and pleasing of dwarf spruces. It makes a slender, cone-shaped bush, very closely and densely branched, resembling the old-fashioned candle extinguisher in shape. The young shoots are slightly downy, pale creamy yellow, the leaves bright green, very slender, {1/4} to {1/2} in. long, slenderly pointed, with one to three broken lines of stomata on each face (P. albertiana var. conica Bean; P. glauca var. albertiana f. conica Rehd.). Award of Merit 1933.This variety was found by Dr Alfred Rehder and J. G. Jack near Lake Laggan in Alberta in 1904, and distributed by the Arnold Arboretum. A plant was received at Kew in 1909 and in twenty years it got to be 6 ft high and made a perfect cone 3 ft wide at the base. It can be increased by late summer cuttings. The discoverers collected four plants, but presumably only one was propagated.

Picea glauca 'Conica'

A magnificent old specimen of Picea glauca var. albertiana 'Conica' in a private garden in North Yorkshire, July 2018. Image John Grimshaw.

'Echiniformis'

A dwarf, slow-growing bush with glaucous foliage, forming a flat-topped hummock. Leaves stout, rigid, usually incurved, about {3/16} in. long.

Picea glauca 'Echiniformis'

The dwarf selection Picea glauca 'Echiniformis' in a private garden in northern France. 14 August 2010. Image Derek Spicer.

var. albertiana (S. Brown) Sarg.

Synonyms
P. albertiana S. Brown

This variety occurs at the western end of the range of P. glauca, in parts of Alberta, British Columbia, etc., and is believed to be the result of crossing between this species and P. engelmannii. It is said to grow taller than typical P. glauca (to 160 ft), but there seems to be no constant botanical character by which it could be identified with any certainty. Elwes distributed seeds in 1906.

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