Frangula caroliniana (Walter) A. Gray

This is nearly related to F. purshiana, and may be regarded as its E. American representative. It differs from the above in having narrower, more pointed leaves, with fewer (eight to ten) pairs of parallel veins. It resembles it in having stalked umbels, but the stalks are much shorter. Introduced in 1819, according to Loudon, but now rarely seen, and perhaps not very hardy. It varies from a shrub to a tree 30 to 40 ft high. Fruits red, becoming black, {1/3} in. wide, sweet.