Cornus alba L.

A red-stemmed selection of Cornus alba providing a cheerful winter glow under Taxodium distichum on an island in the lake at RBG Kew (January 2026). Image John Grimshaw.

An 'unedited' thicket of Cornus alba in rural North Yorkshire. The stems form an impenetrable tangle, and the summer shade suppresses all other plants. Image John Grimshaw.

At RHS Garden Harlow Carr, the annual shoots of a Cornus alba cultivar are woven together each year to form a low pathside barrier – striking and effective. Image John Grimshaw.

A thicket of Cornus alba at the Jardins de Bellevue, Beaumont-le-Hareng, France (5 June 2011). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

The purple colour of the stems of Cornus alba is enhanced by the snow at Meise Botanic Garden (Acc. 19492179), north of Brussels, Belgium (9 February 2021). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Close up on the purple stems of Cornus alba under a good layer of snow. Meise Botanic Garden (Acc. 19492179), north of Brussels, Belgium (9 February 2021). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Under ideal conditions, branches of Cornus alba in contact with the ground quickly develop a multitude of roots and layer profusely (private garden Le Marly, Blandain, Belgium; 21 June 2022). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Foliage on Cornus alba, with reddish branchlet, at the Plantentuin Universiteit Gent, Belgium (27 August 2009). Image © Jan De Langhe - Arboretum Wespelaar.

Leaves on Cornus alba, with the lamina elliptic (or ovate-elliptic) and 4–6 secondary veins per side (Plantentuin Gent, Belgium; 27 August 2009). Image © Jan De Langhe - Arboretum Wespelaar.

Appressed trichomes on lamina surfaces of Cornus alba (Plantentuin Gent, Belgium; 27 August 2009). Image © Jan De Langhe - Arboretum Wespelaar.

Lamina lower surface pubescence on Cornus alba (Plantentuin Gent, Belgium; 27 August 2009). Image © Jan De Langhe - Arboretum Wespelaar.

'Alleman's Compact'

A compact form (short internodes), to 1.5 m tall and 2.5 m wide, the winter stems in shades of red; some resistance to leaf spot (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Houtman & Hoffman 2009).

'Atrosanguinea'

The origins of this cultivar are obscure, though Cornus atrosanguinea was recorded growing at Veitch’s nursery at Coombe Wood in 1895, described then as ‘the reddest-stemmed of all shrubs […] shoots some 3 feet long, almost blood-red in colour’ (The Garden 1895); ‘atro-’ in the epithet implies ‘best’, rather than ‘darkest’. Chittenden (1951) treated it as var. atrosanguinea, but the plant is otherwise little documented.

Bean (1976) considered ‘Atrosanguinea’ to be a synonym of ‘true’ ‘Sibirica’, but modern treatments (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Gayraud 2013; Edwards & Marshall 2019) maintain a distinction between the two cultivars, emphasising the diminutive stature of ‘Atrosanguinea’ – a ‘perfect dwarf […] roundish and compact’, suitable for small gardens (Gayraud 2013). The 1895 description above hardly rings true for a dwarf form, suggesting that Bean might have been right, and that two different plants have circulated under the name at different times. Neither is likely to be commonly encountered in any case.

'Aurea'

A superb, widely available cultivar, up to 2 m in height with red stems and attractive bright yellow to chartreuse foliage, remaining bright all summer. The autumn colour is also a good clear yellow. In warm, dry climates it does best in some shade, although is not typically prone to scorching in northern Europe (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Gayraud 2013; RHS Trials Office 2021).

Cornus alba 'Aurea' has really good golden foliage, seen here at Colesbourne Park, Gloucestershire (May 2009). Image John Grimshaw.

The bright yellow effect of Cornus alba 'Aurea' returns in autumn (RHS Garden Bridgewater; October 2022). Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Aurea' earns its place in plantings for autumn colour (RHS Garden Harlow Carr, North Yorkshire, UK; October 2025). Image John Grimshaw.

The stems of Cornus alba 'Aurea' can be a respectable red (Yorkshire Arboretum, UK; 25 February 2024). Image John Grimshaw.

Less deeply pigmented stems of Cornus alba 'Aurea' (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 20 May 2014). Image James Garnett.

Stem of Cornus alba 'Aurea' (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 11 October 2013). Image James Garnett.

'Bailhalo'

A slow-growing, variegated, sterile form selected in 1983 by Rob Bailey of Bailey Nurseries, USA from a group of ‘Elegantisisma’ (syn. ‘Argenteomarginata’). Like its parent, the leaves in this form are edged creamy-white, but it is more compact in habit (90 cm in 5 years, 1.8 m in 15–20 years). It does best in a shady, moist environment; stem colour is undistinguished (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Gayraud 2013; PP 08722 P).

Variegated leaf of Cornus alba 'Bailhalo' Ivory Halo (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 28 April 2014). Image James Garnett.

Inflorescence of Cornus alba 'Bailhalo' Ivory Halo (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 28 April 2014). Image James Garnett.

Dwarfing habit of Cornus alba 'Bailhalo' Ivory Halo (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 28 April 2014). Image James Garnett.

'Behnschii'

Leaves with a marbled variegation of white and reddish-pink, originating in the Behnsch nursery, Wrocław, Poland before 1898 (Krüssmann 1984).

'Bloodgood'

Reasonably vigorous, said by Gayraud to give ‘the best and most homogeneous red’ winter display; selected by Tom Krenitsky, Chapel Hill, North Carolina around 1980 (Gayraud 2013).

'Byboughen'

One of a number of recently introduced North American Cornus alba selections, Neon Burst^TM is a sport selected in 2009 by Ron Boughen from a batch of ‘Morden Amber’ cuttings at Boughen Nurseries, Manitoba, Canada. It has a compact rounded habit to 1.2 m, bright yellow-green foliage that turns purple-red in autumn, and orange-red winter stems (PP27956 P2).

'Chblzam'

Extremely vigorous, rounded in habit, with blue-white fruits (Lake County Nursery 2009). Introduced by Lake County Nursery, Perry, Ohio, but difficult, if not impossible, to obtain outside the United States (Gayraud 2013).

'Chovozam'

A slow-growing, compact variety, the leaves variegated with green centres and creamy white margins, and the stems bright red in winter; the foliage reddens in autumn. Clear white fruits. Discovered in a batch of unidentified Cornus alba seedlings by James Zampini, Perry, Ohio in 2009 (PP25469 P2).

'Cream Cracker'

Selected by John Pannebakker, Hazerswoude, Netherlands, from a branch sport on ‘Gouchaultii’. The foliage is more vivid than in the parent, the leaves with cream-coloured margins and grey-green centres (PP12830). Partial shade is needed to avoid scorching of the edges of the leaves (Gayraud 2013).

'Crmizam'

A compact, variegated cultivar growing to 1.4 m tall in a spherical shape. The leaves are a striking shade of mint-green with creamy-white margins, pink-tinged in autumn; the winter stems are chartreuse. Worth seeking out for the combination of foliage and stem colour. Introduced by Lake Country Nursery, Ohio (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Lake County Nursery 2009; Hatch 2018–2020).

'Elegantissima'

Summer leaves have a creamy-white margin that surrounds an irregular grey-green centre, often with pink streaks in the foliage. Leaves turn golden-brown in autumn. Greenish-red stems become an undistinguished dark red in winter, growing to about 2.5 m tall (Gayraud 2013). In cultivation since at least 1890 (Manning 1890). It could be confused with ‘Sibirica Variegata’, distinguishable by its larger leaves (often mis-formed), of a greyer green and with a narrower variegated margin (Krüssmann 1984). Over time, it has been observed to have become very variable in the trade, owing to careless selection of uncharacteristic propagation material. Accordingly, its RHS AGM was rescinded in 2020. However, the ‘typical’ clone included in the Hyde Hall trial was itself noted to be AGM-worthy, an outstanding selection agreeing with the description above (RHS Trials Office 2021).

Other recently introduced cultivars similar to ‘Elegantissima’ include ‘Stdazam’ (Strawberry Daiquiri^TM) and the dwarfer ‘Staltouch’ (Touch of Elegance^TM).

Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' (Breezy Knees Garden, York, UK; late July 2023). Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' breaking out as white shoots, presumably from the superficial layer of this periclinal chimaera: it does not seem to readily revert to all-green shoots (Breezy Knees Garden, York; UK, late July 2023). Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' in flower (Breezy Knees Garden, York; August 2023). Image John Grimshaw.

Left unpruned, Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' forms a large shrub with great presence: a dark background is advantageous to show off its pallor (Carolside, Earlston, Scottish Borders; June 2025). Image John Grimshaw.

Close-up on the leaves of Cornus alba 'Elegantissima', a splendid mix of purple and pink. Private garden, Hertain, Belgium (14 October 2020). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Leaves of Cornus alba 'Elegantissima' have a creamy-white margin that surrounds an irregular grey-green centre, often with pink streaks in the foliage, clearly visible on this specimen. Private garden, Hertain, Belgium (14 October 2020). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

'Gouchaultii'

This widely grown variegated cultivar was discovered by A. Gouchault, Orléans, in 1888, similar in appearance to ‘Spaethii’ but more vigorous, and with a pink tint to the marbled foliage in green and yellow foliage, which benefits from shade in lower latitudes. To 1.5 m tall and wide (Cappiello & Shadow 2005; Gayraud 2013).

Cornus alba 'Gouchaultii' with some shoots reverting to unvariegated yellow (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 25 April 2015). Image James Garnett.

Red stem of Cornus alba 'Gouchaultii' (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 11 October 2013). Image James Garnett.

Variegated leaf of Cornus alba 'Gouchaultii' (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 25 April 2015). Image James Garnett.

Inflorescence of Cornus alba 'Gouchaultii' (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 6 July 2014). Image James Garnett.

'Hessei'

A compact, dwarfish cultivar, slow-growing with unusual blackish-green leaves, pinkish-white flowers produced from June until late summer, and very slow-ripening dingy bluish-white fruits (Koehne 1903); said to be difficult to root, propagated by grafting (Cappiello & Shadow 2005). Although now considered to belong to Cornus alba (as proposed by Schneider as early as 1912), generations of dendrologists have treated it as a species of unknown origin. Bean (1976) recorded: ‘It is quite unlike any other cornel in its dense, very leafy, compact habit and curiously dark foliage. It arose in Hesse’s nurseries in a batch of Crataegus seedlings raised from seed which they had received from the St Petersburg Botanic Garden.’

Cornus alba 'Hessei'. Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Hessei'. Image John Grimshaw.

'Jefreb'

A popular Canadian cultivar, compact and densely branching. Mid-green foliage turns maroon in autumn. Discovered by Ronald Wilbert, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba as a branch sport of ‘Bailhalo’ in 2005, and introduced by Jeffries Nurseries, Manitoba, Canada in 2014 (PP27402 P2).

'Kesselringii'

More upright than is typical for the species, first described as Cornus sibirica var. kesselringii by E. Wolf in 1907 (IPNI 2025), having apparently originated in 1905 at St. Petersburg Botanical Garden (Gayraud 2013). It is grown for its intensely dark stems – the darkest of any C. alba cultivar. These are initially greenish-purple, the colour deepening as the season progresses to an intense brown-purple in winter (Bopp 2012). In spring the young leaves are attractively suffused with dark red, turning green in summer and back to deep red-orange in autumn (Gayraud 2013). In the United States the plants are reported to be highly susceptible to canker (Cappiello & Shadow 2005). Introduced by Späth, Berlin in 1911 (Späth 1911).

Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' showing exceptionally good autumn colour, among a lush planting of Carex and ferns in John Massey's garden at Ashwood Nurseries, West Midlands, UK (late October 2023). Image John Massey.

The same planting at John Massey's garden, seen in December 2021. The dark stems of Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' contrast beautifully with the pale Carex. Image John Grimshaw.

Summer growth on Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' (Breezy Knees Garden, York, August 2023). Image John Grimshaw.

New growth on Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' can be strongly pigmented, reflecting the darkness of its stems (Breezy Knees Garden, York, August 2023). Image John Grimshaw.

Dark red stem of Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' (Arboretum des Étangs du Bois Guillaume, Haute-Normandie, France; 2 May 2015). Image James Garnett.

Foliage and inflorescences of Cornus alba 'Kesselringii' (Arboretum des Étangs du Bois Guillaume, Haute-Normandie, France; 2 May 2015). Image James Garnett.

'Minbat'

A relatively new selection grown for its red winter stems and striking red-purple autumn foliage; registered in 2007 by the Minier Nurseries, France (Pépinières Minier 2025; CPVO 2025). The winter aspect of one-year stems does not live up to the promise of the young shoots, which are a strikingly vibrant shade of crimson.

Red wands of Cornus alba 'Minbat' Baton Rouge emerging from clouds of Choisya 'Sundance' (Savill Garden, Windsor Great Park, UK; October 2018). Image John Anderson.

Close-up on the leaf and veins of Cornus alba 'Minbat' Baton Rouge. Here photographed during summer in the garden of the photographer (from Lillois nursery), Oisquercq, Belgium (5 May 2022). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Cornus alba 'Minbat' Baton Rouge is a relatively new selection grown for its red winter stems and striking red-purple autumn foliage. Here photographed during summer in the garden of the photographer (from Lillois nursery), Oisquercq, Belgium (19 June 2022). Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Cornus alba 'Minbat' Baton Rouge has proved disappointing, the initial brilliance of its stems quickly fading to a rather dull red (RHS Garden Harlow Carr, Harrogate, UK; late February 2024). Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Minbat' Baton Rouge still looking good in this private garden on the Isle of Wight, UK, on 4 November 2023. Image Tom Christian.

'Morden Amber'

Golden-green foliage contrasting with dark-red branches; selected by the Morden Arboretum Research Station, Manitoba, Canada (Jeffries Nurseries 2026). Parent of ‘Byboughen’.

'Regnzam'

Relatively compact, growing to 1.25 m high and 2 m wide, leaves purple in autumn, stems brown to bright red in winter; selected by Lake County Nursery, Ohio (Houtman & Hoffman 2009).

'Rosenthalii'

An variegated selection, the large leaves grey-green with a broad golden margin; introduced by Rosenthal Nursery, Albern, Austria before 1896 (Krüssmann 1984)

'Siberian Pearls'

A cultivar developed in 1989 by S.J. Nederend & Zonen, Reeuwijk, Netherlands in 1989 for abundant flowering followed by masses of white berries with a black tip, 8 mm in diameter, that gain a blue tinge as they mature (Cappiello & Shadow 2005). The berries contrast well with the dark foliage and gracefully intertwining stems. In 1989 it was awarded a Dutch Certificate of Commendation (Houtman & Hoffman 2009).

Cornus alba 'Siberian Pearls' is a comparatively compact selection, noted for its abundant flowers and prolific berries (Castle Howard Arboretum, North Yorkshire, UK, 4 May 2026). Image John Grimshaw.

Sibirica Group

The cultivar name ‘Sibirica’ is widely encountered in gardens and commerce, but plants so labelled often differ markedly from one another. In the horticultural trade, the name often seems to be used as little more than a loose advertisement that the plant in question is a form of C. alba with particularly vivid orange-red winter stems. The effect of decades of confusion, and the absence of reference plants, is that ‘Sibirica’ is no longer identifiable – at least in clonal terms. We propose Sibirica Group to accommodate red-stemmed material that circulates as ‘Sibirica’, a name that should be treated as obsolete in terms of practical horticulture.

Since the saga of ‘Sibirica’ involves one of the more intractable problems of identity found within Cornus, it is worth sketching its long history in brief. Cornus sibirica occurs (differentiated from C. alba) in the nursery catalogues of Conrad Loddiges and Sons, Hackney as early as 1783 (Loddiges 1783, 1814, 1818, 1820, 1836), and was included in J.C. Loudon’s Hortus Britannicus (Loudon 1830), though in all of these publications it was listed only as a nomen nudum without description. In 1838, Loudon published a valid description of Loddiges’ plant, which he treated as C. alba var. sibirica, published with the scantiest of descriptions (‘shoots of a fine orange red, covered with a delicate bloom’).

The variety was widely grown for its uncommonly vivid stem colour during the nineteenth century. Bean (1976) characterised it as less rampant than type C. alba (actually, rather weak), with branches of a ‘paler and brighter red’, and more rounded, more shortly acuminate leaves. Confusion soon arose, however, from the fact that the name was widely misapplied to C. alba in general – initially, to differentiate plants of Eurasian provenance from ‘North American’ (as was then believed) C. alba, the basis for Rafinesque’s eventual publication of Cornus sibirica in 1838 (cf. also Loddiges 1783). More recently, the name has in North America been applied relatively indiscriminately to selections of the native red-stemmed dogwoods C. amomum and C. sericea, adding to the confusion (Wyman 1967).

By 1950, it was clear to American dendrologists that much material offered under ‘Sibirica’ in the North American trade was not as described, and (what was believed to be) the true cultivar was obtained by the Arnold Arboretum from Grootendorst Nurseries, Boskoop, Netherlands, and distributed to more than a dozen commercial growers to re-establish the variety (Wyman 1956). Tellingly, all five of the other purported ‘Sibirica’ consignments imported from Europe by the Arnold Arboretum turned out not to be true to type – evidence that plants in the European trade were equally badly mixed.

Bean (1976) thought that an English clone with vivid coral-red stems grown at Westonbirt represented ‘true’ ‘Sibirica’: this material was distributed under the cultivar name ‘Westonbirt’ for some years, and a few plants were apparently still in cultivation at Westonbirt and elsewhere until relatively recently (Edwards & Marshall 2019); it is not certain, though possible, that material currently in circulation under the name is the same clone – see Sibirica Group ‘Westonbirt’.

Cornus alba Sibirica Group in the Savill Gardens, Windsor Great Park, UK (5 January 2024). Image Jack Aldridge.

Red-twigged Cornus alba Sibirica Group is planted with some frequency in 'native' shrub mixes in the UK, in place of the wild C. sanguinea, with colourful but out-of-place results (Westfield, East Sussex; March 2013). Image Owen Johnson.

A well-coloured coral-orange stem of Cornus alba Sibirica Group (grown as 'Sibirica') (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 10 October 2013). Image James Garnett.

Leaf of Cornus alba Sibirica Group (grown as 'Sibirica') (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 10 October 2013). Image James Garnett.

Fruits of Cornus alba Sibirica Group (grown as 'Sibirica') (Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 10 October 2013). Image James Garnett.

In the best forms, the contrast between the young leaves and vivid stems of Cornus alba Sibirica Group can be very striking (grown as 'Sibirica', Arboretum Cimetière Parc, Nantes, France; 13 March 2014). Image James Garnett.

Close-up on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of Cornus alba Sibirica Group (grown as 'Sibirica', a plant obtained in France). Private garden Le Marly, Blandain, Belgium. 13 June 2010. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Dense terminal inflorescences of Cornus alba Sibirica Group (grown as 'Sibirica', a plant obtained in France). Private garden Le Marly, Blandain, Belgium. 7 July 2014. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Cornus alba Sibirica Group can be planted to create a colourful informal hedge with good autumn colour and wildlife value. Private garden Le Marly, Blandain, Belgium. 23 October 2017. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

Sibirica Group
'Sibirica Ruby'

Selected from a ‘Sibirica’ seedling batch (Junker Nursery 2009), and offered by Lake County Nursery, Ohio before 1996 (Isaacson 1996). The cultivar is little documented, and the distinction from ‘Sibirica’ is unclear – Cappiello and Shadow (2005) appear to confuse it with C. sericea ‘Ruby’.

Sibirica Group
'Sibirica Variegata'

A similar cultivar to ‘Elegantissima’ but less vigorous, believed to have been introduced in cultivation as early as 1867 by the Dutch Cornelis de Vos Nursery (Edwards & Marshall 2019). Leaves green with an irregular silvery-white edge that contrasts so well that (Houtman & Hoffman 2009) consider this cultivar to be the best variegated cultivar of all Cornus alba and sericea selections.

Sibirica Group
'Westonbirt'

An exceptionally good clone with glowing coral-red stems – closely resembling Bean’s description of the ‘true’ ‘Sibirica’ – has been distributed in recent years under this name, including the plants growing as a striking group in the Winter Garden at Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Hampshire, illustrated below.

Following the RHS Hyde Hall trial of dogwood cultivars, it was suggested that a superior form of the highly variable ‘Sibirica’ be identified and given the RHS AGM (RHS Trials Office 2021; C. Sanders pers. comm.) – for which this Hillier clone would surely qualify. It is planned to propagate and distribute it more widely.

Especially vivid coral-red stems of plants labelled Cornus alba 'Westonbirt' at Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Hampshire, UK, are a far cry from the dull red-stemmed seedlings often distributed under the obsolete cultivar name 'Sibirica' (22 December 2023). Image Jack Aldridge.

A massed planting of Cornus alba Sibirica Group 'Westonbirt' providing a warming winter glow at Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Hampshire, UK (22 December 2023). Image Jack Aldridge.

'Snow Pearls'

Compact and prolifically fruiting in autumn, ‘arguably the best of the batch for fruit production’ (Junker Nursery 2009).

'Spaethii'

Selected in 1884 at the Späth Nursery in Berlin, Germany (Cappiello & Shadow 2005). What Bean knew under this name he regarded as ‘undoubtedly the handsomest of all the variegated cornels, and perhaps the most effective of all deciduous, yellow-variegated shrubs in cultivation’ (Bean 1976). However, it is now known to be unstable and has become variable in the trade; as such, its RHS AGM was rescinded in 2020.

'Staltouch'

A dwarfing (to 90 × 90 cm) seed sport of C. alba ‘Elegantissima’, the leaves with white margins, flushed red-pink; some plants (<1%) may revert to the more vigorous growth of ‘Elegantissima’ – selected by Don Stallard, Madison, Ohio in 1992 (US PP 10771; Greenleaf Nursery 2026).

'Stdazam'

A variegated form selected and introduced by Lake County Nursery, Ohio. Leaves are mid-green with irregular white margins, winter stems ‘strawberry-red’, and the white fruits blue-tinted; 1.5 m in height, suited for landscape or hedging (Lake County Nursery 2009). Cappiello & Shadow (2005) consider this selection scarcely separable from C. alba ‘Elegantissima’ (syn. ‘Argenteomarginata’).

'Variegata'

An old clone with white-margined leaves, long since superseded by other selections.

'Verpaalen2'

An upright cultivar with white-green variegated foliage edged in pink during spring and summer, turning variegated pink and purple in late summer. Originated as a branch sport on Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’, discovered by Henricus Verpaalen, Zundert, Netherlands in 2015; patented in the US in 2021 (US PP34377; EU PBR 62292 granted in 2025).

Cornus alba 'Verpaalen2' Miracle not looking very miraculous in a British garden centre (May 2026). Image John Grimshaw.

Cornus alba 'Verpaalen2' Miracle is an upright cultivar with white-green variegated foliage edged in pink during spring and summer, turning variegated pink and purple in late summer. Garden of the photographer, Oisquercq, Belgium. 22 September 2024. Image Guillaume Mamdy.

'Verpaalen3'

Mid-green foliage, darkening deep purple in autumn, the leaves with grey undersides. The combination with the dark-red stems is striking. A sport of ‘Verpaalen 2’ Miracle, selected by Henricus Verpaalen, Zundert, Netherlands in 2020 (US PP36136).

The dark-leaved Cornus alba 'Verpaalen3' Nightfall in John Massey's garden, Staffordshire, UK. 2 May 2026. Image Tom Christian.

Cornus alba 'Verpaalen3' ' Nightfall is striking in autumn when the deep purple autumn foliage and the dark-red stems contrast. Garden of the photographer, Oisquercq, Belgium. 28 May 2026. Image Guillaume Mamdy.